Summary: A...B...C...
"A...B...C" is a story addressed to the intelligentsia, containing a clear command to "work at the grassroots". The protagonist is a young girl, Joanna Lipska, a teacher's daughter, living in "the great city of great Germany". The father, which the author could not clearly say, took ...
Summary: Antek
The short story "Antek" describes the life of a country boy "in love" with windmills. He carved them in every free moment, even when tending cattle, so he had to give him help from his younger sister. When asked who he wanted to be, he answered...
Summary: Antigone
What is "Antigone" about? Oedipus, the adopted son of the king and queen of Corinth, visited the Delphic oracle and was told that he would kill his father and marry his own mother. Not knowing his past, he thought the rulers of Corinth were his...
Summary: Anus mundi
The book "Anus mundi" (1966) is not a novel, although it reads like a fascinating novel. It is a document. All the characters appearing in it are authentic, as are the author's experiences: the situations in which he found himself...
Summary: Fairy tales and parables
In Krasicki's fairy tales, published during the poet's lifetime, short epigrammatic works predominate in the volume entitled "Fairy Tales and Parables", while in "New Tales", published in 1802, i.e. a year after the author's death, there are...
Summary: Mother of God
"Bogurodzica" is the oldest Polish religious song. Its oldest message dates back to 1407, but the time of creation is disputed. The analysis of the text, strophic structure and language shows that it comes from the thirteenth century.
Summary: The Buddenbrooks
In his first great novel, "The Buddenbrooks," the story of a merchant family from Lübeck, and the fate of individual people, Mann also shows the general tendencies of development of the bourgeoisie in the nineteenth century, and not only of the German bourgeoisie. The author himself has...
Summary: Peasants
Reymont's novel "Chłopi" is divided into four parts: Autumn, Winter, Spring, Summer. Such a division emphasizes the relationship between human life and nature, its continuity and durability, and at the same time its dynamism, its constant changes, which always...
Summary: Dialogues
The book "Dialogues", written in the years 1954-56, published in 1957, and resulted from the enchantment of cybernetics, is sometimes anachronistic in the layer of facts, and in terms of the predictions contained in it, sometimes falsified, sometimes corrected...
Summary: To the King
The satire "To the King" is a masterly form of defending Stanisław August and criticizing his opponents. The poet puts absurd accusations against the king into their mouths, which in fact are praiseworthy qualities of the monarch: youth, Polish origin,...
Summary: To posterity
"To posterity" is a poem-testament, a message addressed to future, post-war generations. "I loved as you probably did, but no time was given sparingly..." says Gajcy. Inviolable, eternal and independent of history is the succession of generations. So Gajcy turns to...
Summary: To the corpse
The sonnet "To the Corpse" is one of Morsztyn's most famous love poems. It surprises the reader not only with the title, but also with the content. On the basis of a developed comparison, the poet first shows the lover's resemblance to a corpse, e.g.: the first was killed by an arrow of love, the second...
Summary: Doctor Faustus
The novel "Doctor Faustus" is related, although indirectly, to Goethe and his works. The plot of the novel is the fictional life story of the composer Adrian Leverkuhn, who - like Goethe's Faust - makes a pact with the devil...
Summary: Pride about the hetman
In Duma o hetman (1908), written with the present in mind, Żeromski gave a poetic, semi-symbolic synthesis of XNUMXth-century Poland, in which the wise patriotism of the few struggles with the predominance of "Polish madness" - arbitrariness...
Summary: Dusiołek
Bajdała, following the example of Mickiewicz's Konrad from The Great Improvisation, complains to God: "Why did you create Dusiołek?". The argument with God sounds humorous here, but it has a deeper meaning: it is God who becomes responsible for evil and...
Summary: Two theaters
Two Theaters is a comedy in three acts, a drama by Jerzy Szaniawski, written in 3, staged in Kraków in 1945, published there in 1946 (together with Most). The play presents the concept of theater created...
Summary: Dziady part II and IV
The background of both parts of Forefathers' Eve is a folk, pagan rite adopted by Christianity in a modified form, celebrated in Lithuania in honor of ancestors. In "Forefathers' Eve", the rite is not conducted by a priest, but by a sorcerer, calling the suffering souls in purgatory, utters...
Summary: Forefathers' Eve part III
The news of the outbreak of the November Uprising found Adam Mickiewicz in Rome. It was December 1830, but it was not until April of the following year that he left for Paris, and then came to Greater Poland. Unfortunately, he failed to cross...
Summary: Girl
"Girl" is an eloquent ballad rich in philosophical content. It tells of twelve brothers who died trying to break through the wall when they heard the voice of a girl calling - it is a symbol. It is an image of the eternal human...
Summary: Plague
Camus' The Plague takes place in Oran in 194. This is a meaningful date, it points to the XNUMXs, but it does not specify the time until the end, it gives the novel a universal overtone. pestilence strikes the city...
